What do muskie eat in southern reservoirs that have no ciscoes or perch?

Gizzard shad, mostly. In the southern part of the range — the stocked and native waters of Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee and West Virginia — reservoirs are built on shad, and diet work there finds gizzard shad at or near the top of the muskie menu, with suckers and other soft-rayed fish behind them. It fits everything the northern studies say: a muskie selects large, soft-rayed, easy-to-swallow prey, and an adult gizzard shad is exactly that. Practically, it moves fish off the weed edge: reservoir muskie follow shad into creek arms and onto flats in spring and fall and hang around open-water schools in between. North of shad country none of this applies — natural lakes in Ontario, Minnesota and Wisconsin simply do not have them.

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