Can sunscreen, bug spray, or gas on my hands ruin the bite?

Yes, and this is not superstition. DEET, sunscreen films, nicotine, and petroleum products transfer from skin to lure and dissolve into the water around it, and lab work on salmonids shows measurable avoidance of several of these compounds at tiny concentrations — a fish that tracks food by parts-per-billion chemistry notices your bug spray. The slower your presentation, the longer the fish samples the plume before committing. Wash or wipe your hands after applying anything, handle bait last, and some anglers rub hands with streamside dirt or grass — crude, but directionally right.

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